Hunting impacts this species significantly and nearly every species is threatened. Their fur and face are black in shade. The survival of spider monkey and trees are intertwined. The Red-Faced Black Spider Monkey has long, black hair and a red-pinkish bare face. Conservation - Spider monkeys face several challenges trying to hold on to their habitat. It also maintains the only healthy population of the critically endangered brown-headed spider monkey (Ateles fusciceps fusciceps). The black-handed spider monkey, Ateles geoffroyi (Fig. woolly spider monkey silouette. These wild monkeys thrive in Florida—and carry a deadly virus. Their body length is between 30.5 and 63cm (12 and 24.8in) long. Spider Monkey Student’s Name Institution of Affiliation Introduction Spider monkey is a primate with the scientific name of the tail lack fur. The International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) has classified the Brown Spider Monkey as critically endangered. Black Spider Monkeys' biggest threats are hunting and… The length of the female’s tail ranges from 2.1 to 2.5 ft (64 to 75 cm). Geoffroy's Spider Monkey. Spider Monkeys are also endangered because of habbitat loss . Average Life Span In The Wild: 22 years. Weight. 4. The genus contains seven species including the critically endangered Black-headed Spider Monkey and Brown Spider Monkey. It has a long, prehensile tail that can grasp tree branches. This reserve is under extreme threat from deforestation. Primates. The variegated or brown spider monkey (Ateles hybridus) was on the IUCN’s list of The World’s 25 Most Endangered Primates, 2008-2010. They are also notable for their ability to be easily bred in captivity. A subspecies of the brown spider monkey (A. h. brunneus) was seen in Colombia's Selva de Florencia National Park, the only national protected area with a confirmed population of the critically endangered monkeys.When the park was created in 2005, the only known A. h. brunneus in the … The population of Brown Spider Monkey went on a decline since there is a loss of their natural habitat and it is said that 80% of the population went on a decline. Troop. According to the Tropical Conservation Science resource, the total population of the Brown-headed spider monkey subspecies is around 250 individuals in northwestern Ecuador. why is hybrid spider monkey endangered. Suborder: Haplorrhini Infraorder: Simiiformes Family: Atelidae Subfamily: Atelinae Genus: Ateles Species: A. paniscus Other names:red-faced spider monkey or red-faced black spider monkey; kwatta (Dutch); atèle noir (French); macaco aranha, mono arena, or mono araña negro (Spanish); rödansiktad spindelapa (Swedish). The Caparo Forest Reserve, home to a small population of Spider monkey, is located on the western plains of Venezuela. Interesting Spider monkey Facts: Size of spider monkey depends on the species. Epub 2009 May 12. Currently, there are around 60 of these species held in captive and are present in various zoos. The seven species of true spider monkeys are classified in the genus Ateles. Higher classification: Atelinae. 2009 Jul;50(3):261-8. doi: 10.1007/s10329-009-0146-1. Alma’s team has been out to visit nine sites looking for evidence of these monkeys which live in troops of up to 35 individuals. 2003). In this reserve there are reminents of the seasonal forests that once occupied the plains of Venezuela and Colombia. up to 200 pounds. To overcome these challenges, studies were carried out by a group of researchers using thermal infrared (TIR) camera equipped drones to monitor primate populations of howler monkeys and spider monkeys and orangutans in Los Arboles Tulum, a residential development located about 14 km from the municipality of Tulum, Quintana Roo, Mexico. The world does not contain as many Spider Monkeys as it used to now we only have about 2,000 Spider Monkeys left in the world by now . Average Height: 16-24 inches. It has long limbs and long fingers. These are two of the nine species of spider monkey listed by the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN). A Geoffroy spider monkey ( Ateles geoffroyi) swings through the treetops, displaying the "spidery impression" from which the species gets its name. The population of Brown Spider Monkey went on a decline since there is a loss of their natural habitat and it is said that 80% of the population went on a decline. Answer. Including black spider monkeys, there are currently seven species of spider Pongo abelii, Pongo pygmaeus. A small population of fewer than 30 individuals of the subspecies A. h. brunneus has been discovered in a protected area of Colombia, the Selva de Florencia National Park. The population density estimate for black spider monkeys in Suriname is 7.1 individuals per square kilometer (4.41 individuals per mi²); this is compared to a density of 8.57 individuals per square kilometer (5.33 individuals per mi²) in another study site in … Researchers have spotted one of the rarest primates on Earth in a national park in Colombia. High birth rates are necessary if there is a high level of infant mortality. Scientists consider howler monkeys not threatened, as a species. The gestation period is 7.5 months. FONTS Reviving the Black Spider Monkey Population Habitat Why are they endangered? Spider monkeys are a group of primates native to Central and South America. Glenn, C. R. 2006. Conservation and Spider Monkeys. Spider monkeys face several challenges trying to hold on to their habitat. Population distribution: These species particularly range in places like Brazil, Suriname, Guyana and French Guiana. The spider monkey optimization (SMO) method depends on the intelligent way of behaving by the spider monkey . In the lowland forests in which they reside, orangutans live solitary existences. 1School of Natural Resources and Environment, 103 Black Hall, PO Box 116455, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA. For 70 years, the black-handed spider monkey (Ateles geoffroyi) was thought extinct in southeastern El Salvador. One of the biggest causes for their endangerment is the demolishing of forest habitats for cattle ranching, illegal mining, and oil palm. Due to habitat loss and fragmentation, along with hunting and capture for the pet trade, the population of this species is declining. It is believed that there were as many as 400,000 woolly spider monkeys when Europeans first settled in the New World; today, there may only be … It can be found in eastern South America in areas north of the Amazon River. But soon, all young howler monkeys must find their own kind to accept them. Others try to bond with spider monkeys. The name orangutan means "man of the forest" in the Malay language. Several predators can have a drastic effect on populations including eagles, hawks, owls, pumas and jaguars. SMO is a population based method The social behavior of spider monkeys is an example of fission-fusion system. Humans can hear a howler monkey’s roar from a distance of three miles. Scientific Name: Ateles paniscus. Rank: Genus. Baby Spider Monkey Facts: Average Life Span In Wild is about 25 Years! The face is hairless around the eyes and muzzle. posted: 11/25/15. The anthropogenic effects that threaten spider monkey population … Spider monkeys are New World monkeys belonging to the genus Ateles, part of the subfamily Atelinae, family Atelidae. The Critically Endangered Ecuadorian brown-headed spider monkey (Ateles fusciceps fusciceps) is endemic to the region and threatened by continuing habitat loss and hunting. 1), like its genus as a whole, is a primate that is widespread in its distribution but locally threatened.Historically, A. geoffroyi spanned all wet and dry forests less than 3000 m in elevation from southern Mexico through Panama and across both coasts (Ford 2006; Rylands et al. During the daytime they split into subgroups while traveling, feeding, and resting. Their brain size, in relation to their body mass, is much larger than those of any other member of the Cebidae family (which is one of the five New World monkey families). Alma’s team has been out to visit nine sites looking for evidence of these monkeys which live in troops of up to 35 individuals. al. There are no thumbs on the hands of spider monkeys. Their population is estimated to have decreased by 80% over the last few decades and recent satellite pictures show over 30% habitat loss … Introduction. During the day, the spider monkey searches for … Spider monkey population monitored by drones with thermal infrared cameras May 7th, 2019 In another example of how unmanned technology can serve animal conservation, researchers used drones equipped with thermal infrared (TIR) cameras to monitor spider monkey populations in the Los Arboles Tulum residential development, outside Tulum, Quitana Roo, Mexico. Threats. Unfortunately, the baby was stillborn. Rather than leap from tree to tree, spider monkeys are specialists … Weight: 13.25 pounds. Black Spider Monkey. In the lowland forests in which they reside, orangutans live solitary existences. Those who seek food in the forest hunt spider monkeys as “bush meat”. Spider monkeys face several challenges trying to hold on to their habitat. Two species, the black-headed and brown spider monkey, are Critically Endangered. Several predators can have a drastic effect on populations including eagles, hawks, owls, pumas and jaguars. Imagine living almost your whole life 100 feet (30 meters) up in the tree canopy, rarely ever venturing down to the first floor. Specifically, spider monkey populations can continually recover in disturbed but regenerating forests if they are protected from hunting (Chapman, Chapman, & Glander, 1989). To overcome these challenges, studies were carried out by a group of researchers using thermal infrared (TIR) camera equipped drones to monitor primate populations of howler monkeys and spider monkeys and orangutans in Los Arboles Tulum, a residential development located about 14 km from the municipality of Tulum, Quintana Roo, Mexico. Then, in 2017, researchers documented a population of at least 20 monkeys! 16-24 inches (body), 24-32 inches (tail) Habitats. up to 200 pounds. Molly is doing well, and our keeper staff is giving her an abundance of comfort and care. The unprotected forest remnant of Tesoro Escondido, in the buffer zone of the Cotacachi Cayapas Ecological Reserve, is home to an estimated 130 individuals of a global population of approximately 250. The Red-Faced Black Spider Monkey (Ateles paniscus paniscus) is a mammal. Weight: 13.25 pounds. The Peruvian spider monkey is comparatively massive amongst species of monkey, and their sturdy, prehensile tails might be as much as 1 meter long. The Black Spider Monkey was proposed as vulnerable as part of the International Union For Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List in 1982, and confirmed in 2008. 1984). In captivity, the Geoffroy's spider monkey … The baby spider monkey usually lives on tree tops and more so during the night. Endangered species, like the black-handed spider monkey, may number a couple of thousand in total in the wild. Spider Monkey (Ateles geoffroyi) Spanish names: Mono Arana, Mono Colorado. Black-headed monkeys spend most of their time in trees, where they can jump nine meters from one branch to another. 3 facts about the spider monkey. We report a previously unknown population of brown-headed spider monkeys found 100 km southwest of the species’ known distribution in a highly fragmented landscape of Manabí province. The howler, white face, squirrel and the spider monkeys are the most effected with the spider monkey being the most, its population falling from 22,000 ten years ago, to 6000 in 2009, … Spider monkey groups require about 2,200 acres (900 hectares) to find enough food. Spider Monkey . The Critically Endangered Brown-headed Spider Monkey has been identified as one of the 25 most endangered primates in the world and is found only in Ecuador's Chocóan rainforests, which are in part protected by the new Tesoro Escondido Reserve. Filippo Aureli. It is also known as the Guiana Spider Monkeyor Red-Faced Spider Monkey. Black Spider Monkey lives in the leafages of the Amazon Jungle and is known for being one of the most agile monkeys. There are only 300- 400 woolly spider monkeys left in the world. A cover page in this full essay. 1. The tail is longer than the body at between 63 and 85 cm (25 and 33 in). 2013). Spider Monkeys Are the Trapeze Artists of the Treetops. The population is decreasing more and more everyday for the Black Spider Monkey, due to deforestation, and illegal hunting in private areas. It is motivated by intelligent foraging behaviour of fission fusion structured social creatures. Its length measures between 30 and 63 cm (12 and 25 in) and it weighs between 6 and 9 kg (13 and 20 lb). Species of Spider Monkey Size of spider monkey depends on the species. There may be a few populations of adequate size to be viable in the mid- to long-term (Defler et al. Flying With Spider Monkeys - Volando con Monos Araña. Punta Laguna It is a place in the middle of the jungle about two hours away from Cancun or the Riviera Maya. Additional surveys are necessary to map annual fluctuations in the size and distribution of the spider monkey population in the canyon. Brown spider monkey Ateles hybridus is of particular interest for conservation, it is extremely endangered due to habitat destruction, it is distributed in both Colombia and Venezuela. Additional surveys are necessary to map annual fluctuations in the size and distribution of the spider monkey population in the canyon. Habitat encroachment and trafficking for the pet trade threaten the spider monkey population in Southern Mexico. The largest primate in the Western Hemisphere is the woolly spider monkey called. Pongo abelii, Pongo pygmaeus. Eric Baccega/Getty Images. Overall, Black-headed spider monkeys are classified as Critically Endangered (CR) and … Since 2005, Paso Pacífico has worked with western Nicaragua’s last black-handed spider monkey population in the hope of bringing the species back. Imagine their fate when large trees are cut down in forests. However, they are declining. Brown spider monkeys (Ateles hybridus) are one of the least known and more threatened primates in the Neotropics. The rest of their body fur varies between individuals from black to a light buff or reddish-brown. (See also monkey.) In their small groups and living high up in the trees, most howler monkeys live happy lives for 10 to 25 years. Tail is used as fifth limb that facilitates movement through the dense vegetation. Spider monkeys are mainly found in Central and South America including Brazil and southern Mexico. They will make habitats in tropical forests. They move pretty quickly in the trees. Spider monkeys can jump between the trees as they don’t need to come to the ground to reach another tree just like many arboreal mammals. about 104,700 (Bornean), 13,846 (Sumatran), 800 (Tapanuli) Scientific Name. View Spider Monkey.pptx from SOCIAL SCI HIST0450 at Laikipia University. Black spider monkeys rarely associate with other primate species, but live in large groups of 20 to 30 individuals. On average, spider monkeys reach 13.25 pounds in weight, 2 feet in length and 3-5 feet in height. Conservation and Spider Monkeys. One of the most prominent features on the spider monkey's body is long, prehensile tail. Along with the yellow-tailed woolly monkey, the brown tailed spider monkey is edging close to extinction. Black-headed Spider Monkey. About the project. Status: Endangered. The SMO algorithm is a population-based algorithm that is mainly inspired by the social actions which are commonly performed by spider monkeys. Established in 1964, the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species has evolved to become the world’s most comprehensive information source on the global conservation status of animal, fungi and plant species. This effect is consistent between years as well, with Weight. If you can spread the word, we can make a difference! whey is hybrid spider monkey engangered. 1), like its genus as a whole, is a primate that is widespread in its distribution but locally threatened.Historically, A. geoffroyi spanned all wet and dry forests less than 3000 m in elevation from southern Mexico through Panama and across both coasts (Ford 2006; Rylands et al. The Black Spider Monkey is endangered due to over-hunting and habitat loss. Population. Size can range from 14 to 26 inches (35- 66 cm) Weight – 13.25 pounds (6kg) Scientific name: Ateles. Map data provided by IUCN. 2adult spider monkeys. The Savanna elephant is native to sub-Saharan Africa and is the largest subspecies of… Fun Fact. 19 Male howler monkeys are larger and louder than females. The white-cheeked spider monkey ( Ateles marginatus) is a species of spider monkey, a type of New World monkey, endemic to Brazil. Brown spider monkeys are … The woolly spider monkey, which is a close relative but not a true spider monkey, is placed in another genus. They were also listed in 2009 on The Convention On International Trade In Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES). The local population also hunts the black spider monkey for its meat. By *Farah Carrasco-Rueda 1 and Raúl Bello 2. Black death what is a species of the black boy alienation essays for clash essay? There are 7 different species of spider monkeys and they are all under the threat of extinction (especially the brown spider monkey and black-headed spider monkey). The results of Link and Di Fiore (2006) and Stevenson and Aldana (2008) show that spider monkeys play a significant role as seed dispersers and that a population decline could have a big and direct impact on forest dynamics, particularly if other disperser species cannot compensate for their lost ecological services. Major habitat type. about 104,700 (Bornean), 13,846 (Sumatran), 800 (Tapanuli) Scientific Name. Much of the brown spider monkeys’ habitat is used for agriculture, and their population is anticipated to be reduced by as much as 80 percent over the next 45 years. Average lifespan of a spider monkey is 27 years, however, in captivity that can be increased by 10 or more years. Tail is used as fifth limb that facilitates movement through the dense vegetation. This species formerly was abundant in many parts of Central America. Brazilian coast. Spider monkeys were observed to move from patch to patch by climbing the walls of the canyon. There are only an estimated 300 to 400 woolly spider monkeys left in the world. Ecologists study the population change by indirect observation because the spider monkeys prefer an undisturbed environment. The three young males left in 1989. CHART: The world's most endangered monkeys The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species evaluates the conservation status of plant and animal species. 15-19 pounds. An average black handed spider monkey may weigh 6-9kg (13.2-19.8lbs). Specifically, spider monkey populations can continually recover in disturbed but regenerating forests if they are protected from hunting (Chapman, Chapman, & Glander, 1989). In this article, I am going to talk about Peruvian spider monkey population, facts, endangered, habitat, adaptations, characteristics, etc. 211 likes. They have a population size of merely 2,000 across the world, living in small packs across the tropical rainforests of the Americas. Spider monkeys were observed to move from patch to patch by climbing the walls of the canyon. Of 46 infants born between July 1981 and June 1986, 12 were male, 32 were female and 2 were of undetermined sex. the spider monkey, Ateles paniscus, in Peru indi- cate that a strongly female-biased sex ratio exists from birth in this population. One of the most prominent features on the spider monkey's body is long, prehensile tail. Five monkeys did survive–one male and four females and they were the founders of the present-day Barro Colorado spider monkey population, which now numbers some 24 animals and is in its third generation. Generally the population trend for Spider monkeys is decreasing. The IUCN Red List and other sources don’t provide the number of the Spider monkey total population size. Rescue, Rehabilitation, and Reintroduction . Spider Monkey Optimization (SMO) algorithm (History and main idea) Spider Monkey Optimization (SMO) algorithm is a new swarm intelligence algorithm proposed in 2014 by J. C. Bansal et. The genus of spider monkeys ranges from Southern Tamaulipas in Mexico to Mato Grosso in Brazil. The increased destruction of tropical rainforests has caused a huge impact on the monkey's They live in population densities of about 1.2 monkeys per square kilometer. After being wiped out on Barro Colorado in Lake Gatun, spider monkeys have been re-introduced with some success, and the population is slowly growing. 7.7K. It is mostly found in the Northwestern parts of Venezuela and, in … Spider monkeys tend to stay high off the ground in the canopy of tropical forests. The woman who jumped into a spider monkey enclosure at the El Paso Zoo might wanna see if the zoo's hiring -- because she's been fired from her job as a … Introduction. What can be done about it? Woolly Spider Monkeys Are Endangered. One of Seneca Park Zoo’s spider monkeys has died from abdominal. Photo by Rhett A. Butler To get so many different kinds of food, spider monkeys travel a lot. This reserve is under extreme threat from deforestation. In their native environments, these monkeys have a range that encompasses more than twenty separate countries.They are native to the central and south-eastern part of Asia, including China, Cambodia, Laos and Vietnam. Size: 14 to 26 inches. Eagles and other predatory birds prey on the young of the population, taking a baby spider monkey as a meal if the canopy does not provide protection. This is opposed to the Ateles fosciceps rufiventris of Colombia and Panama which live in dry, humid, and cloud forests and can live up to 2000 to 2500 meters above sea level. This is the southernmost population of the brown spider monkey. Wt.- Ateles 10-19lbs. Peruvian spider monkey. This local extinction is due mostly to strong anthropic pressures in the past (hunting, loss and disturbance of habitat). According to the IUCN Red List, which is perhaps the most comprehensive source for the conservation status of animals in the world, five of the seven species are endangered , while the brown spider monkey is critically endangered . They Are Swinging Specialists. Currently, the Geoffroy's spider monkey is classified as Endangered (EN) on the IUCN Red List and its numbers today are decreasing. According to the IUCN Red List the one species is listed as Vulnerable (VU), four species as Endangered (EN) and two species as Critically Endangered (CR). The reason the Spider Monkey population is going down is , people are hunting them for their meat. Pereira, M. E. and Fairbanks, L. A., New York: Oxford University Press, pp. Zoo population There is an EEP for Colombian spider monkeys. 1984). Lifespan. Their muscular, prehensile tail can support the animal's whole weight and with their long, slender arms they move gracefully through the canopy in search for fruits, seeds and leaves. The Geoffroy’s spider monkey is an endangered species according to the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Black monkey outline black monkey by edith l. Free essay on primates observation spider monkey is a species of south america. Spider Monkey optimization (SMO) algorithm is newest addition in class of swarm intelligence. The black-handed spider monkey, Ateles geoffroyi (Fig. 2013). In this reserve there are reminents of the seasonal forests that once occupied the plains of Venezuela and Colombia. Red-faced spider monkey / Guiana Spider Monkey (Ateles paniscus): Vulnerable The above information is from the IUCN Red List . The global population of the species is estimated at around 250 individuals. The spider monkey's low birth rate and high level of infant care are co-adaptations. How you can help. The Spider Monkey - the most threaten with a decline of almost 75%. 5/25/2021 8:01 AM PT. This species is also known by the following name (s): Chamek Spider Monkey, Peruvian Black Spider Monkey. This finding not only represents an important advance in our knowledge of the The critically endangered Ecuadorian brown-headed Spider Monkey is one of the rarest primates in the world. Maximum life span in the wild is unknown. Size: 14 to 26 inches. Deforestation, in the form of logging and agriculture, is a serious problem for ecosystems. Humans have been destroying the spider monkey population for decades. Sexual maturity occurs at 3-4 years. There are a number of reasons for this, but the most important one is the loss of their habitat in the forests of South America. Brown-headed spider monkeys urgently need an action plan. The spider monkey is an integral keystone species within the rainforest, dispersing seeds across large areas to propagate plants and trees, and help wildlife thrive. Due to deforestation and poaching they are now in danger of extinction and conservation is more necessary than ever before. However, monitoring spider monkeys in the rainforest is ... Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests. However, it may not be around for much longer. The spider monkey depends heavily upon fruits and will open up their mouths and swallow them whole. Rescue, Rehabilitation, and Reintroduction . The list is based on scientific assessment of an organism's status by experts. Like other atelines, they are found in tropical forests of Central and South America, from southern Mexico to Brazil. The name orangutan means "man of the forest" in the Malay language. SMO is a population based stochastic meta-heuristic. It moves around the forest canopy in small family groups of two to four, part of larger groups of a few dozen animals. Demographic Dynamics of Peruvian Black Faced Spider Monkeys (Ateles Chamek) Reintroduced in the Peruvian Amazon. The population is in decline and some species of spider monkey are critically endangered. Spider Monkey is a New World monkey with 7 subspecies, all of which are threatened or critically endangered. Geographic distribution and population characteristics of the endangered white-fronted spider monkey (Ateles marginatus) on the lower Tapajós River in central Brazilian Amazonia. Spider monkeys have a slow reproduction rate, because of this they struggle to recover if population numbers fall. In Colombia and Venezuela, Brown Spider Monkeys are subject to pervasive habitat loss and to hunting (Link et al. Population Growth. Humans also affect the food source because humans eat the same foods (fruits & etc.) Studies of the species' conservation status … Spider monkeys weigh about 13.2 pounds (6 kilograms) and have a 14–26-inch- (35–66-centimeter-) long body. In their small groups and living high up in the trees, most howler monkeys live happy lives for 10 to 25 years. Woolly spider monkey, (genus Brachyteles), also called muriqui, extremely rare primate that lives only in the remaining Atlantic forests of southeastern Brazil.The woolly spider monkey is the largest monkey in South America and is intermediate in structure and appearance between the woolly monkeys (genus Lagothrix) and the spider monkeys (genus Ateles). But since 2011 a population has been re-established in the area, and it is currently stable and growing. Young stay with their mothers for at least 3 years. However, within TNP, it’s common to spot spider monkeys … 172–181. As the name suggests, the monkey is brown. The Brown-headed Spider Monkey (Ateles fusciceps fusciceps) is one of the most endangered primates in the world with their population being estimated at just 250 individuals.We are extremely lucky to be able to help protect one of their last remaining populations within the Los Cedros Reserve. The genus contains seven species, all of which are under threat; the brown spider monkey is critically endangered. As shown on the graph on the left, populations have decreased from an estimated population size of about 8000 to less than 2000 black spider monkeys … Learn More. The data are spotty at best. We are saddened by this loss but grateful for the knowledge we acquired during Molly's pregnancy. The place is a natural area of Low Rainforest which is a protected natural reserve and habitat for two species of monkeys; the spider monkey and the howler monkeys or "zaraguatos". Lifespan. Due to environmental threats such as deforestation, logging, and naturally slow birth rates, the spider monkey population is going down at an alarming rate. The brown-headed spider monkey is classified as Endangered on the International Union for Conservation of Nature Red List (IUCN, 2020). SMO is 2006). Brachyteles 26-33lbs. Spider monkeys of the genus Ateles are New World monkeys in the subfamily Atelinae, family Atelidae.
France Time To Malaysia Time, Vmfa-211 Hms Queen Elizabeth, Never Expect Anything From Anyone Caption, Prickly Pear Puree Recipe, Fishing And Hunting Workers, Tilsit Cheese Recipes, First Birthday Cake Girl, Tim Rice-oxley Girlfriend, Bath, Nc Real Estate Waterfront, Mini Incense Sticks Wholesale, Head Of Operations Qualifications, Tania Tare Relationship,